Hyponatremia means your blood has too little sodium.
Sodium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate fluid
balance, nerve signals, and muscle function. When levels
drop too low, it can affect how your brain and body work.
Think of sodium as a fluid regulator. It helps control how
much water is inside and outside your cells. If sodium
drops, water moves into cells — including brain cells —
which can cause swelling. That’s why severe hyponatremia
can be dangerous.
Hyponatremia is usually the result of another problem,
such as drinking excessive amounts of water, sweating
excessively and having severe vomiting or diarrhoea. It
can also be the result of a hormonal disorder like
Addison’s disease for example. A condition like SIADH,
where your body holds too much water, can also be a
cause, as can certain medications, such as diuretics or
antidepressants, to name a few. It may also develop
concomitantly to heart, kidney or liver disease.
Symptoms of Hyponatremia depend on how fast sodium
levels drop. They may be mild, in which case the patient
may experience headache, nausea or just fatigue. More
pronounced symptoms, such as muscle cramps, weakness
and confusion may be indicative of advanced
hyponatremia. Where symptoms are severe and a patient
experiences loss of consciousness, seizures or even coma,
hyponatremia is a medical emergency and the patient
requires immediate medical attention.
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